MySQL5.7- - Multi case部署最佳实战

发布时间：2023-05-31 10:50:48 所属栏目：MySql教程来源：

导读：MySQL 5.7--------多实例部署最佳实战

1. 背景

MySQL数据库的集中化运维，可以通过在一台服务器上，部署运行多个MysqL服务进程，通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独

MySQL 5.7--------多实例部署最佳实战

1. 背景

MySQL数据库的集中化运维，可以通过在一台服务器上，部署运行多个MysqL服务进程，通过不同的socket监听不同的服务端口来提供各自的服务。各个实例之间是相互独立的，每个实例的datadir, port, socket, pid都是不同的。

2. 多实例特点

* 有效利用服务器资源，当单个服务器资源有剩余时，可以充分利用剩余的资源提供更多的服务。

* 资源互相抢占问题，当某个服务实例服务并发很高时或者开启慢查询时，会消耗更多的内存、cpu、磁盘IO资源，导致服务器上的其他实例提供服务的质量下降。

3. 环境 [ 关闭SeLinux ]

[root@MysqL ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.9 (Final)

[root@MysqL ~]# uname -r
2.6.32-696.3.2.el6.x86_64

[root@MysqL ~]# getenforce
disabled
4. 部署 [ 4个实例 ]

* 下载 MysqL 5.7 二制包 [ 推荐官方下载 ]　此下载版本大于5.7.5

* 解压 MysqL 5.7 二进制包到指定目录

[root@MysqL ~]# tar zxvf MysqL-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
* 创建 MysqL 软链接

[root@MysqL ~]# ln -s /usr/local/MysqL-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/MysqL
* 创建 MysqL 用户

[root@MysqL ~]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin MysqL
* 在 MysqL 二进制包目录中创建 MysqL-files 目录 [MysqL 数据导入/导出数据专放目录]

[root@MysqL ~]# mkdir -v /usr/local/MysqL/MysqL-files
mkdir: created directory `/usr/local/MysqL/MysqL-files'
* 创建多实例数据目录

[root@MysqL ~]# mkdir -vp /data/MysqL_data{1..4}
mkdir: created directory `/data'
mkdir: created directory `/data/MysqL_data1'
mkdir: created directory `/data/MysqL_data2'
mkdir: created directory `/data/MysqL_data3'
mkdir: created directory `/data/MysqL_data4'
* 修改 MysqL 二进制包目录的所属用户与所属组

[root@MysqL ~]# chown root.MysqL -R /usr/local/MysqL-5.7.18-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64

* 修改 MysqL 多实例数据目录与数据导入/导出专放目录的所属用户与所属组

[root@MysqL ~]# chown MysqL.MysqL -R /usr/local/MysqL/MysqL-files /data/MysqL_data{1..4}

* 配置 MysqL 配置文件 /etc/my.cnf

[MysqLd_multi]
MysqLd = /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd
MysqLadmin = /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLadmin
log = /tmp/MysqL_multi.log

[MysqLd1]
# 设置数据目录　[多实例中一定要不同]
datadir = /data/MysqL_data1
# 设置sock存放文件名　[多实例中一定要不同]
socket = /tmp/MysqL.sock1
# 设置监听开放端口　[多实例中一定要不同]
port = 3306
# 设置运行用户
user = MysqL
# 关闭监控
performance_schema = off
# 设置innodb 缓存大小
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
# 设置监听IP地址
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
# 关闭DNS 反向解析
skip-name-resolve = 0

[MysqLd2]
datadir = /data/MysqL_data2
socket = /tmp/MysqL.sock2
port = 3307
user = MysqL
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0

[MysqLd3]
datadir = /data/MysqL_data3
socket = /tmp/MysqL.sock3
port = 3308
user = MysqL
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0

[MysqLd4]
datadir = /data/MysqL_data4
socket = /tmp/MysqL.sock4
port = 3309
user = MysqL
performance_schema = off
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M
bind_address = 0.0.0.0
skip-name-resolve = 0
* 初始化各个实例 [ 初始化完成后会自带随机密码在输出日志中 ]

[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --initialize --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data1
[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --initialize --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data2
[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --initialize --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data3
[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqLd --initialize --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data4
* 各实例开启 SSL 连接

[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL_ssl_rsa_setup --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data1
[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL_ssl_rsa_setup --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data2
[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL_ssl_rsa_setup --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data3
[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL_ssl_rsa_setup --user=MysqL --basedir=/usr/local/MysqL --datadir=/data/MysqL_data4
* 复制多实例脚本到服务管理目录下 [ /etc/init.d/ ]

[root@MysqL ~]# cp /usr/local/MysqL/support-files/MysqLd_multi.server /etc/init.d/MysqLd_multi

* 添加脚本执行权限

[root@MysqL ~]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/MysqLd_multi
* 添加进service服务管理

[root@MysqL ~]# chkconfig --add MysqLd_multi
5. 启动测试

* 查个多实例状态

[root@MysqL ~]# /etc/init.d/MysqLd_multi report
Reporting MysqL servers
MysqL server from group: MysqLd1 is not running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd2 is not running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd3 is not running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd4 is not running
* 启动多实例

[root@MysqL ~]# /etc/init.d/MysqLd_multi start
* 查看多实例状态

Reporting MysqL servers
MysqL server from group: MysqLd1 is running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd2 is running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd3 is running
MysqL server from group: MysqLd4 is running
* 查看实例监听端口

[root@MysqL ~]# netstat -lntp | grep MysqLd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2673/MysqLd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2676/MysqLd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3308 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2679/MysqLd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3309 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2682/MysqLd
6. 连接测试

　 * 实例1

[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL -S /tmp/MysqL.sock1 -p'z+Ilo*>s:3kw'
MysqL: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MysqL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MysqL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.18

copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered Trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be Trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MysqL> set password = '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
　 * 实例2

[root@MysqL ~]# /usr/local/MysqL/bin/MysqL -S /tmp/MysqL.sock2 -p'b*AHUrTgu1rl'
MysqL: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MysqL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MysqL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.7.18

copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered Trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be Trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

MysqL> set password = '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
7. 总结

以需求驱动技术，技术本身没有优略之分，只有业务之分。

（编辑：驾考网）

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